{"id":10011,"date":"2007-07-09T17:57:16","date_gmt":"2007-07-09T15:57:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tempco.it\/blog\/glossary\/"},"modified":"2025-07-10T13:36:06","modified_gmt":"2025-07-10T11:36:06","slug":"glossary","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.tempco.it\/blog\/en\/glossary\/","title":{"rendered":"Glossary"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"gradient\">\n<h1>Glossary<\/h1>\n<div class=\"alphabet-nav\"><a class=\"a ancora\" href=\"#A\">A<\/a><a class=\"b ancora\" href=\"#B\">B<\/a><a class=\"c ancora\" href=\"#C\">C<\/a><a class=\"d ancora\" href=\"#D\">D<\/a><a class=\"e ancora\" href=\"#E\">E<\/a><a class=\"f ancora\" href=\"#F\">F<\/a><a class=\"g ancora\" href=\"#G\">G<\/a><a class=\"h ancora\" href=\"#H\">H<\/a><a class=\"i ancora\" href=\"#I\">I<\/a><a class=\"m ancora\" href=\"#M\">M<\/a><a class=\"n ancora\" href=\"#N\">N<\/a><a class=\"p ancora\" href=\"#P\">P<\/a><a class=\"r ancora\" href=\"#R\">R<\/a><a class=\"t ancora\" href=\"#T\">T<\/a><a class=\"u ancora\" href=\"#U\">U<\/a><a class=\"v ancora\" href=\"#V\">V<\/a><a class=\"w ancora\" href=\"#W\">W<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gloss-container\">\n<div class=\"letter\">\n<h2><a class=\"ancor-a\" name=\"A\">#A<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>Adiabatic cooling<\/h3>\n<p>Adiabatic cooling is a special boost solution for <strong>free cooling systems<\/strong>, allowing to lower the temperature of inlet ambient air of the cooling system thanks to an <strong>air spraying system<\/strong>.<br \/>\nThe adiabatic boost lowers the ambient air temperature through evaporation, allowing to extend the use of f ree cooling increasing the <strong>energy savings<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>Anodic oxidation<\/h3>\n<p>Anodic oxidation is a particular process employing a galvanic bath for the <strong>treatment of aluminium components<\/strong>, in order to make them more <strong>corrosion resistant<\/strong> when exposed to external agents.<br \/>\nThe anodic oxidation treatment uses a galvanic bath containing sulphuric acid with passage of an electric current to achieve the electrolytic process, where <strong>heat exchangers and chillers<\/strong> made with corrosion resistant materials ensure the <strong>cooling of the galvanic bath<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>ATEX<\/h3>\n<p>Atex (Atmosphere Explosive) is the term referring to <strong>certifications<\/strong> of thermoregulation and temperature control equipments suited for installation in <strong>explosion risk industriai environments<\/strong>.<br \/>\nIndustriai production processes presenting environments with high risk of explosion are typically involved in <strong>chemical, pharma<\/strong> and <strong>oil &#038; gas sectors<\/strong>, for which Tempco is able to supply thermoregulating units and temperature control systems with the required ATEX certifications.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"back-to-top\"><a class=\"ancora-top\" href=\"#top\">Back to index<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"letter\">\n<h2><a class=\"ancor-b\" name=\"B\">#B<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>BHE<\/h3>\n<p><strong>BRAZED HEAT EXCHANGER<\/strong> Acronym of plate heat exchangers with brazed plates pack and a gasket-less structure.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"back-to-top\"><a class=\"ancora-top\" href=\"#top\">Back to index<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"letter\">\n<h2><a class=\"ancor-c\" name=\"C\">#C<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>Chevron angle<\/h3>\n<p>The Chevron angle <strong>in plate heat exchangers<\/strong> is related to the particular <strong>corrugation design<\/strong> of the plates, and its selection is based on the viscosity level of fluids involved.<br \/>\nA more dull Chevron angle generates a higher number of contact points among overlapped plates, increasing the turbulent flow and <strong>the thermal transfer rate<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>Cogeneration<\/h3>\n<p>Thermal cycle that employs endothermic engines for the <strong>combined generation of electricity and heat<\/strong>.<br \/>\nCogeneration allows to <strong>recover the thermal energy<\/strong> generated by the mechanical work of the engine, obtaining for example hot water using the heat instead of dissipating it in the surrounding environment, therefore <strong>increasing the overall efficiency<\/strong> of the system.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>Consumptions in Cooling Tower<\/h3>\n<p>Cooling towers are very simple thermal machines achieving a <strong>cooling effect<\/strong> of process water thanks to direct contact with air. Consumptions are related to the energy required for <strong>air circulation<\/strong> within the tower and <strong>water pumping<\/strong>.<br \/>\nThere is also <strong>water consumption<\/strong>, given by the sum of water losses for evaporation, water amount lost due to drag effect and the amount of wastewater purge a re-integration.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Approfondisci\"><strong>Read more:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tempco.it\/blog\/en\/3403\/how-does-a-cooling-tower-work-and-how-much-water-does-it-use\/\" title=\"How does a cooling tower work and how much water does it use?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How does a cooling tower work and how much water does it use?<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"back-to-top\"><a class=\"ancora-top\" href=\"#top\">Back to index<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"letter\">\n<h2><a class=\"ancor-d\" name=\"D\">#D<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>Dew point<\/h3>\n<p>The dew point is the <strong>amount of humidity<\/strong> or ambient air, which is its saturation level of <strong>aqueous vapor<\/strong>.<br \/>\nBased upon the dew point value and on the initial heat content of air, also called <strong>dry bulb temperature<\/strong>, depends the evaporation and cooling rate that can be achieved using an <strong>evaporative tower<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>DIMPLE JACKET<\/h3>\n<p>Dimple jacket is a term referring to a special and highly <strong>versatile kind of plate heat exchangers<\/strong>, made by two metal sheets welded along the perimeter and spot-welded, and then inflated under high pressure.<br \/>\nAn internal <strong>thermal transfer chamber<\/strong>, or jacket, is then obtained, in which the thermal transfer fluid can flow.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"back-to-top\"><a class=\"ancora-top\" href=\"#top\">Back to index<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"letter\">\n<h2><a class=\"ancor-e\" name=\"E\">#E<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>EAC<\/h3>\n<p>The acronym EAC indicates the <strong>EurAseC Conformity certification<\/strong> required for installation of <strong>thermoregulating units<\/strong> and temperature control systems in <strong>Russia<\/strong> and <strong>EEU<\/strong> (Eurasian Economie Union) Countries.<br \/>\nTempco is able to supply <strong>heat exchangers, thermoregulating units<\/strong> and temperature control solutions for industriai production processes equipped with <strong>EAC components and executions<\/strong> for installation in Russia and EEU Countries.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>Evaporative towers<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Evaporative towers<\/strong>, also called cooling towers, are thermal machines employed for the cooling of process water thanks to the direct thermal transfer with air and the physical process of <strong>evaporation<\/strong>.<br \/>\nThe contact of the water with cooler air causes the evaporation of part of the water, which is achieved absorbing and thus <strong>dissipating heat<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"back-to-top\"><a class=\"ancora-top\" href=\"#top\">Back to index<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"letter\">\n<h2><a class=\"ancor-f\" name=\"F\">#F<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>FOULING FACTOR<\/h3>\n<p>The fouling factor is a crucial parameter to consider for the <strong>sizing and calculation of plate heat exchangers<\/strong>.<br \/>\nIts value refers to the amount of scaling that the fluids involved in the thermal cycle could potentially settle on the surfaces of plates, lowering the overall <strong>thermal transfer efficiency rate<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>FREE COOLING<\/h3>\n<p>Kind of cooling system leveraging the <strong>low temperatures of ambient air<\/strong>, by employing heat exchangers with forced air circulation, radiators and electroradiators.<br \/>\nIt represents an excellent solution in terms of energy efficiency, allowing to <strong>avoid high consumes related to compressors in chillers<\/strong> using external cool air to achieve the cooling effect.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>FREE FLOW<\/h3>\n<p>The term free flow is referred to a special kind of plates employed in <strong>heat exchangers<\/strong>, with typically large and wide passages and <strong>no contact points<\/strong>.<br \/>\nThe peculiar configuration of the plates lead to a plates pack in the exchanger that allows the <strong>free flow of dirty fluids<\/strong> rich in suspended particles through the plates without clogging the exchanger.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"back-to-top\"><a class=\"ancora\" href=\"#top\">Back to index<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"letter\">\n<h2><a class=\"ancor-g\" name=\"G\">#G<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>Glycol water<\/h3>\n<p>Glycol water is water with the addition on mono ethylene glycol, an <strong>anti-freeze fluid<\/strong> essential in applications with heat exchangers, cooling systems and free coolers in order to <strong>ensure frost-protection<\/strong> of the plant during the coldest winter season.<br \/>\nPipings of cooling plants exposed to the low winter temperatures are in-deed facing the <strong>risk of severe and costly damages<\/strong> and bursts, due to the expansion rate of water when freezing within the hydraulic circuits.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"back-to-top\"><a class=\"ancora-top\" href=\"#top\">Back to index<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"letter\">\n<h2><a class=\"ancor-h\" name=\"H\">#H<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>Heat pumps<\/h3>\n<p>Heat pumps are devices that employ a thermodynamic cycle using a heat exchanger in function of <strong>evaporator<\/strong>, a <strong>compressor<\/strong> and another heat ex-changers as a <strong>condenser<\/strong>.<br \/>\nDepending on the seasonal need, the <strong>thermal cycle can be reversed<\/strong> in order to produce heat or cold, and thus <strong>heating or conditioning<\/strong>, absorbing thermal energy from the outside or from the inside based on the need.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>Heat recovery<\/h3>\n<p>Cooling applications within industrial processes using <strong>heat exchangers<\/strong> often allow to study and implement <strong>heat recovery solutions<\/strong>, increasing the overall <strong>energy efficiency<\/strong>.<br \/>\nThe heat generated by the production process which is dissipated to ensure the proper operating conditions of the plant can indeed be <strong>recovered and reused<\/strong> for heating tasks required in other steps of the production process or to obtain <strong>warm water for sanitary use<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>Heat exchanger<\/h3>\n<p>A passive device employed for heating and cooling tasks using the physical principle of <strong>thermal transfer between two fluids having different temperature levels<\/strong>.<br \/>\nThere are several typologies of heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers, shell and tube, blocks and finned battery exchangers, each one offering <strong>efficiency levels to be evaluated depending on the kind of thermal application<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Approfondisci\"><strong>Approfondisci:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tempco.it\/blog\/en\/3437\/heat-exchangers\/\" title=\"Heat exchangers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heat exchangers<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>Heat exchanger calculation<\/h3>\n<p>Calculating a heat exchanger refers to the informations about the <strong>temperature control<\/strong> application that are required in order to <strong>properly size<\/strong> and design the exchanger.<br \/>\nHere\u2019s a <strong>five fingers rule<\/strong> to follow, including the kind of fluid to be heated or cooled, inlet temperature of the fluid and outlet temperature, the kind of working fluid employed and its temperature.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Approfondisci\"><strong>Read more:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tempco.it\/blog\/en\/3402\/heat-exchanger-calculation\/\" title=\"https:\/\/www.tempco.it\/blog\/en\/3402\/heat-exchanger-calculation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.tempco.it\/blog\/en\/3402\/heat-exchanger-calculation\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"back-to-top\"><a class=\"ancora-top\" href=\"#top\">Back to index<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"letter\">\n<h2><a class=\"ancor-i\" name=\"I\">#I<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>Immersion Exchangers<\/h3>\n<p>Immersion exchangers are a kind of dimple jacket exchangers where the <strong>cooling or heating<\/strong> effect is achieved through direct immersion in a thermal transfer fluid.<br \/>\nThis kind of heat exchanger also allows to leverage <strong>geothermal energy<\/strong>, for example with direct immersion of the exchanger in seawater on lake water.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>INVERTER<\/h3>\n<p>An inverter is a device that allows to <strong>modulate power consumption<\/strong> in thermoregulation systems using <strong>electrical resistors<\/strong> to achieve the heating tasks.<br \/>\nThe inverter in this case allows indeed to adjust the power consumption in real time based on actual needs of the production process, leading to important advantages in terms of <strong>energy savings<\/strong> and <strong>higher efficiency<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"back-to-top\"><a class=\"ancora-top\" href=\"#top\">Back to index<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"letter\">\n<h2><a class=\"ancor-m\" name=\"M\">#M<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>Mono fluid thermoregulation<\/h3>\n<p>Mono fluid <strong>thermoregulation<\/strong> is a special kind of thermoregulation that al-lows to obtain an accurate and precise control of different temperature levels of process fluids, using a <strong>unique thermal transfer fluid<\/strong>.<br \/>\nIt is therefore possibile to avoid to empty and washing the plant\u2019s circuits required when multiple thermal transfer fluids are used, thus <strong>shortening production cycle times<\/strong> while increasing the <strong>overall efficiency<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"back-to-top\"><a class=\"ancora-top\" href=\"#top\">Back to index<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"letter\">\n<h2><a class=\"ancor-n\" name=\"N\">#N<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>No plume towers<\/h3>\n<p>Evaporative towers have a characteristic white plume coming out of the tower, clearly indicating their <strong>evaporative cooling process<\/strong>: this is in fact water <strong>vapor<\/strong>, resulting from the evaporation process.<br \/>\nIn case the plume can be annoying, or even dangerous for example com-promising visibility in the nearby of an airport, it is possible to have no plume towers with <strong>retro-fit systems<\/strong> to tear it down. <strong>Wet-dry systems<\/strong> can also be employed to eliminate the problem at the origin.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"back-to-top\"><a class=\"ancora-top\" href=\"#top\">Back to index<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"letter\">\n<h2><a class=\"ancor-p\" name=\"P\">#P<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>PHE<\/h3>\n<p><strong>PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER<\/strong>, acronym that usually refers to plate heat exchangers that can be inspected for maintenance purposes, as brazed plate exchangers are instead indicated as BHE.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"back-to-top\"><a class=\"ancora-top\" href=\"#top\">Back to index<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"letter\">\n<h2><a class=\"ancor-r\" name=\"R\">#R<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>Retrofit<\/h3>\n<p>Retrofitting an industrial plant or machinery means to <strong>introduce a technical upgrade<\/strong> to an older solution, in our case installing a technological innovation on a <strong>temperature control machinery<\/strong> taking it at the state of the art of the market.<br \/>\nTempco often realizes retrofit interventions on temperature control and thermal management systems for the process industry, aiming at <strong>increasing the energy efficiency<\/strong> of the overall process and energy saving and return of investment for the industrial final user.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>REVAMPING<\/h3>\n<p>The term revamping is referred to a <strong>renovation and empowering<\/strong> intervention on an industrial plant, within the thermal energy management field it can involve the <strong>increase of thermal transfer capacity<\/strong> of a plate heat ex-changer with the addition of more plates.<br \/>\n<strong>Exchangers, thermoregulating units<\/strong> and in general cooling and heating equipments can need a revamping intervention in order to <strong>restore the original project thermal efficiency<\/strong> of the machinery after a long period of work, or to adapt the capacity to <strong>new production needs<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"back-to-top\"><a class=\"ancora-top\" href=\"#top\">Back to index<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"letter\">\n<h2><a class=\"ancor-t\" name=\"T\">#T<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>TCU<\/h3>\n<p><strong>TEMPERATURE CONTROL UNIT<\/strong>Temperature Control Unit, these are Tempco\u2019s TREG thermoregulation units that allow an accurate and fine regulation of temperature levels, of-fering set-up and remote management options.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"back-to-top\"><a class=\"ancora-top\" href=\"#top\">Back to index<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"letter\">\n<h2><a class=\"ancor-u\" name=\"U\">#U<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>UL<\/h3>\n<p>UL (Underwriters Laboratories) is the acronym of the <strong>certification of compliance<\/strong> with the standard required for installation of thermoregulating units and temperature control systems in the <strong>North American market<\/strong>.<br \/>\nTempco is able to supply <strong>thermoregulation and temperature control<\/strong> solutions in production industrial processes equipped with UL compliant components and executions for installation within <strong>United States<\/strong> and <strong>Canada<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"back-to-top\"><a class=\"ancora-top\" href=\"#top\">Back to index<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"letter\">\n<h2><a class=\"ancor-v\" name=\"V\">#V<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>Vaporization latent heat<\/h3>\n<p>The vaporization latent heat is the <strong>amount of heat<\/strong> that is absorbed from air in order to achieve the physical process of <strong>evaporation of a certain volume of water<\/strong> by direct contact with ambient air.<br \/>\n<strong>Evaporative towers<\/strong> take advantage of the evaporation process in order to <strong>dissipate thermal energy<\/strong> for water cooling in industrial processes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"back-to-top\"><a class=\"ancora-top\" href=\"#top\">Back to index<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"letter\">\n<h2><a class=\"ancor-w\" name=\"W\">#W<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>Wet bulb temperature<\/h3>\n<p>Wet bulb temperature represents the theoretical lower temperature limit of the water that can be achieved in a <strong>cooling tower<\/strong> through <strong>evaporation<\/strong>, being it the essential reference value for working conditions in evaporative towers.<br \/>\nWet bulb temperature is in fact the maximum amount of water vapor that can be absorbed by the air circulating within the tower, thus giving a <strong>measurement of the direct thermal transfer<\/strong> achievable between air and water.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-glossary\">\n<h3>WIND CHILL<\/h3>\n<p>The term wind chill refers to the <strong>cooling and chilling effect<\/strong> that we feel when the wind blows on wet skin on our bodies, for example when we come out of the water after a swim.<br \/>\nThis event shows very clearly and immediately helps to understand the <strong>cooling effect<\/strong> produced by the direct contact of water and ambient air, the basic principle of the <strong>evaporation process<\/strong> used in <strong>cooling towers<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"back-to-top\"><a class=\"ancora-top\" href=\"#top\">Back to index<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Glossary ABCDEFGHIMNPRTUVW #A Adiabatic cooling Adiabatic cooling is a special boost solution for free cooling systems, allowing to lower the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Glossary - Tempco Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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